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二十世纪初至今百余年，“私小说”的确是日本现代文学发展史上非常重要的文学样式或现象。文学评论家中村光夫曾在其《日本的现代小说》（岩波书店，1968）中断言，日本所有的现代作家或多或少都曾写过“私小说”——晚年的芥川龙之介写过哀切的私小说《点鬼簿》，川端康成和三岛由纪夫等精神气质迥然相异于“私小说”样式的作家也曾写过类似的作品，如三岛由纪夫的短篇小说《椅子》。评论家伊藤信吉说过，明治以来，随着新作家的出现，相继形成了一些新的文学性格，其中具有广义文学性格的，惟有生命力强韧且长久的“私小说”。有人将“私小说”定义为“第一人称小说或意识与感觉性经验碎片的重构”；也有人强调“私小说”与日本“日记”传统具有的紧密关联——典型的例证正是“私小说”代表作家林芙美子的《放浪记》，及阿部昭由“日记”类作品编集而成的代表作。评论家饗庭孝男说，“日记”记录的是现实中切身体味的深刻幻灭，梦幻中深化或提升了生命的生活记录，其根底里浮动着对于生命苦楚或瞬间幻灭的依依不舍。有趣的是，这种日记文学的特点也明显体现在太宰治的《斜阳》等代表作品中。 其实，在日本的“私小说”发展史上曾有一个理论值得一提。即将日本“私小说”样式区分为两种不同的趋向或类型。一类是“破灭型（或‘毁灭型’）”，另一类则是“调和型”。前者的主要代表作家是葛西善藏、嘉村矶多和太宰治，后者的主要代表则是志贺直哉。前者的基本特征从词语本身亦可察知——此类作家总是面对种种无法克服的“危机”感，无论面对外在环境还是内在感觉，他们都无法看到任何新生和希望，他们面对的只有哀愁和绝望，“破灭”或“毁灭”是他们每日每时都要面对的必然——他们无以回避的生活方式或结局。相反后者的基本特征则在于，作家或作品中人物未必需要在充满现实或心理“危机”的苦斗中“自我”毁灭，他们有可能达成一种妥协或者和解的状态。 重要的是，属于“破灭型”的太宰治（1909—1948）有共通性也有独自的文学特征。《丑角之花》（1935）、《斜阳》（1947）、《维庸之妻》（1947）和《丧失为人资格》（1948）是太宰治最重要的几部代表作。如所周知，太宰治是“二战”之后日本“无赖派”文学最具特色的作家，除太宰之外尚有坂口安吾、织田作之助、石川淳和伊藤整等。毋宁说，该派作家仅仅在“自我”的否定与毁坏方面，或在自觉地趋向堕落与“破灭性”感觉等方面，具有着些许有限的共同性。实际上他们之间的差异性远远大于共同性。总体上讲，“无赖派”文学与“私小说”本无太多关联或共同性，但从历史的视角反思二十世纪日本“私小说”基本的发展历程，太宰治则是一个无法绕开的特异性存在，他被称做日本现代文学史上最具魅力的作家之一。有人将之列为典型的“私小说”代表作家，有人却从根本上否认他是一位“私小说”作家。其实不论怎样讲，太宰文学与“私小说”那种内在精神气质上无以分割的紧密关联是显而易见的。每当读","今年外借册数":10,"编目审核员":"","调配时间":"","索书号A":"I313.45/4033","责任者三":"","责任者二":"","分类":"","编目审核":0,"预约数":0,"编目审核日期":"","封面地址":"","内容介绍":"","责任者四":"","文献类型":0,"图象页数":0,"责任者":"太宰治著","版次":"","种次字符数据":"","分类数据":"","出版者2":"人民文学出版社","MARC类型":"","封面服务器ID":0,"首馆键码":1,"采编审核日期":"","责任者2":"太宰治著","全文地址":"","题名":"太宰治","翻译题名":"","处理日期":1449108854000,"分类字母":"","题名缩写":"TZZ","丛书名":"","册数":3,"累计外借册数":29,"调配员":"","修改人员":37,"出版者":"人民文学出版社","创建时间":"","卷标":"","种次":"","下载服务器ID":0,"下载地址":""},"ID":"6ab20fdcf1eb1c0494d1c17a3aabf8a9"},{"NUM":3,"bookMap":{"标准编码":"978-7-5387-6134-4","可外借数":3,"上月外借册数":0,"去年外借册数":0,"采编审核":0,"分类字符数据":"","封面":"","全文服务器ID":0,"操作员":55,"种次数据":1063,"内容介绍1":"","语种":"CHI","本月外借册数":13,"排架号":"","库键码":1,"出版日期":"2020","已外借数":0,"COVERPATH":"","题名2":"心","采编审核员":"","分类号":"","出版地":"长春","索书号":"I313.44/1063","价格":35,"种次字母":"","责任者一":"","翻阅次数":0,"主键码":1300624,"SUMMARYS":"","今年外借册数":13,"编目审核员":"","调配时间":"","索书号A":"I313.44/1063","责任者三":"","责任者二":"","分类":"","编目审核":0,"预约数":0,"编目审核日期":"","封面地址":"","内容介绍":"","责任者四":"","文献类型":0,"图象页数":0,"责任者":"夏目漱石著","版次":"","种次字符数据":"","分类数据":313.44,"出版者2":"时代文艺出版社","MARC类型":"","封面服务器ID":0,"首馆键码":1,"采编审核日期":"","责任者2":"夏目漱石著","全文地址":"","题名":"心","翻译题名":"","处理日期":1624348466000,"分类字母":"I","题名缩写":"X","丛书名":"","册数":3,"累计外借册数":13,"调配员":"","修改人员":26,"出版者":"时代文艺出版社","创建时间":"","卷标":"","种次":"","下载服务器ID":0,"下载地址":""},"ID":"c7b642b5fd590331e4d527427c4c2e97"},{"NUM":3,"bookMap":{"标准编码":"7-5012-2117-0","可外借数":3,"上月外借册数":0,"去年外借册数":0,"采编审核":0,"分类字符数据":"","封面":"","全文服务器ID":0,"操作员":1,"种次数据":"","内容介绍1":"","语种":"chi","本月外借册数":5,"排架号":"","库键码":1,"出版日期":"2003","已外借数":0,"COVERPATH":"","题名2":"大学英语一考通","采编审核员":"","分类号":"","出版地":"北京","索书号":"H31/0241","价格":14,"种次字母":"","责任者一":"","翻阅次数":0,"主键码":487417,"SUMMARYS":"","今年外借册数":5,"编目审核员":"","调配时间":"","索书号A":"H31/0241","责任者三":"","责任者二":"","分类":"","编目审核":0,"预约数":0,"编目审核日期":"","封面地址":"","内容介绍":"","责任者四":"","文献类型":0,"图象页数":0,"责任者":"刘志云编著","版次":"","种次字符数据":"","分类数据":"","出版者2":"世界知识出版社","MARC类型":"","封面服务器ID":0,"首馆键码":1,"采编审核日期":"","责任者2":"刘志云编著","全文地址":"","题名":"大学英语一考通","翻译题名":"","处理日期":1315233004000,"分类字母":"","题名缩写":"DXYYYKT","丛书名":"新东方名师","册数":5,"累计外借册数":6,"调配员":"","修改人员":1,"出版者":"世界知识出版社","创建时间":"","卷标":"","种次":"","下载服务器ID":0,"下载地址":""},"ID":"35e70723208035cd2f9ab22be40c9a4c"},{"NUM":3,"bookMap":{"标准编码":"978-7-300-11217-6","可外借数":1,"上月外借册数":0,"去年外借册数":0,"采编审核":0,"分类字符数据":"","封面":"","全文服务器ID":0,"操作员":12,"种次数据":"","内容介绍1":"","语种":"chi","本月外借册数":1,"排架号":"","库键码":1,"出版日期":"2009","已外借数":0,"COVERPATH":"","题名2":"商务旅游","采编审核员":"","分类号":"","出版地":"北京","索书号":"H31/0241","价格":20,"种次字母":"","责任者一":"","翻阅次数":0,"主键码":658539,"SUMMARYS":"","今年外借册数":1,"编目审核员":"","调配时间":"","索书号A":"H31/0241","责任者三":"","责任者二":"","分类":"","编目审核":0,"预约数":0,"编目审核日期":"","封面地址":"","内容介绍":"","责任者四":"","文献类型":0,"图象页数":0,"责任者":"刘大可主编","版次":"","种次字符数据":"","分类数据":"","出版者2":"中国人民大学出版社","MARC类型":"","封面服务器ID":0,"首馆键码":1,"采编审核日期":"","责任者2":"刘大可主编","全文地址":"","题名":"商务旅游","翻译题名":"","处理日期":1323223855000,"分类字母":"","题名缩写":"SWLY","丛书名":"","册数":1,"累计外借册数":1,"调配员":"","修改人员":12,"出版者":"中国人民大学出版社","创建时间":1323223837000,"卷标":"","种次":"","下载服务器ID":0,"下载地址":""},"ID":"390439471378b5b525d1fd1f6ab3a044"}]